前些日子做了个 apache solr 应用的入门介绍,也在博客记录下,方便新手看看。以搜索论坛帖子为示例。
1、先下载 Apache Solr 1.3 http://apache.etoak.com/lucene/solr/1.3.0/apache-solr-1.3.0.zip,解压到如 E:\apache-solr-1.3.0。
2、下载 Apache Tomcat 6.0.18 http://labs.xiaonei.com/apache-mirror/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.18/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.18.zip,解压到如 E:\apache-tomcat-6.0.18。
3、solr 安装到 tomcat。修改 E:\apache-tomcat-6.0.18\conf\server.xml,加个 URIEncoding="UTF-8",把 8080 的那一块改为:
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>
把下面的内容保存到 E:\apache-tomcat-6.0.18\conf\Catalina\localhost\solr.xml,没有这个目录自行创建。
<Context docBase="E:/apache-solr-1.3.0/dist/apache-solr-1.3.0.war" reloadable="true" > <Environment name="solr/home" type="java.lang.String" value="E:/apache-solr-1.3.0/example/solr" override="true" /> </Context>
solr 的更多方式请看:solr install
4、现在安装好,启动 tomcat,并打开 http://localhost:8080/solr/admin/ 看看界面。
5、为搜索论坛帖子应用设计索引结构:
字段 | 说明 |
---|---|
id | 帖子 id |
user | 发表用户名或UserId |
title | 标题 |
content | 内容 |
timestamp | 发表时间 |
text | 把标题和内容放到这里,可以用同时搜索这些内容。 |
6、上面的索引结构告诉 solr,把下面的内容覆盖 E:\apache-solr-1.3.0\example\solr\conf\scheam.xml,(可以先备份这文件,方便以后看官方示例):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <schema name="example" version="1.1"> <types> <fieldType name="string" class="solr.StrField" sortMissingLast="true" omitNorms="true"/> <fieldType name="sint" class="solr.SortableIntField" sortMissingLast="true" omitNorms="true"/> <!-- The format for this date field is of the form 1995-12-31T23:59:59Z, and is a more restricted form of the canonical representation of dateTime http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime The trailing "Z" designates UTC time and is mandatory. Optional fractional seconds are allowed: 1995-12-31T23:59:59.999Z All other components are mandatory. Expressions can also be used to denote calculations that should be performed relative to "NOW" to determine the value, ie... NOW/HOUR ... Round to the start of the current hour NOW-1DAY ... Exactly 1 day prior to now NOW/DAY+6MONTHS+3DAYS ... 6 months and 3 days in the future from the start of the current day Consult the DateField javadocs for more information. --> <fieldType name="date" class="solr.DateField" sortMissingLast="true" omitNorms="true"/> <fieldType name="text" class="solr.TextField" positionIncrementGap="100"> <analyzer> <tokenizer class="solr.CJKTokenizerFactory"/> </analyzer> </fieldType> </types> <fields> <field name="id" type="sint" indexed="true" stored="true" required="true" /> <field name="user" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/> <field name="title" type="text" indexed="true" stored="true"/> <field name="content" type="text" indexed="true" stored="true" /> <field name="timestamp" type="date" indexed="true" stored="true" default="NOW"/> <!-- catchall field, containing all other searchable text fields (implemented via copyField further on in this schema --> <field name="text" type="text" indexed="true" stored="false" multiValued="true"/> </fields> <!-- Field to use to determine and enforce document uniqueness. Unless this field is marked with required="false", it will be a required field --> <uniqueKey>id</uniqueKey> <!-- field for the QueryParser to use when an explicit fieldname is absent --> <defaultSearchField>text</defaultSearchField> <!-- SolrQueryParser configuration: defaultOperator="AND|OR" --> <solrQueryParser defaultOperator="AND"/> <!-- copyField commands copy one field to another at the time a document is added to the index. It's used either to index the same field differently, or to add multiple fields to the same field for easier/faster searching. --> <!-- --> <copyField source="title" dest="text"/> <copyField source="content" dest="text"/> </schema>
7、重启 tomcat,然后手动在 E:\apache-solr-1.3.0\example\exampledocs 创建两个 xml 数据文件。分别保存为 demo-doc1.xml 和 demo-doc2.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <add> <doc> <field name="id">1</field> <field name="user">chenlb</field> <field name="title">solr 应用演讲</field> <field name="content">这一小节是讲提交数据给服务器做索引,这里有一些数据,如:服务器,可以试查找它。</field> </doc> </add>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <add> <doc> <field name="id">2</field> <field name="user">bory.chan</field> <field name="title">搜索引擎</field> <field name="content">搜索服务器那边有很多数据。</field> <field name="timestamp">2009-02-18T00:00:00Z</field> </doc> <doc> <field name="id">3</field> <field name="user">other</field> <field name="title">这是什么</field> <field name="content">你喜欢什么运动?篮球?</field> <field name="timestamp">2009-02-18T12:33:05.123Z</field> </doc> </add>
8、提交数据做索引,到 E:\apache-solr-1.3.0\example\exampledocs,运行:
E:\apache-solr-1.3.0\example\exampledocs>java -Durl=http://localhost:8080/solr/update -Dcommit=yes -jar post.jar demo-doc*.xml SimplePostTool: version 1.2 SimplePostTool: WARNING: Make sure your XML documents are encoded in UTF-8, other encodings are not currently supported SimplePostTool: POSTing files to http://localhost:8080/solr/update.. SimplePostTool: POSTing file demo-doc1.xml SimplePostTool: POSTing file demo-doc2.xml SimplePostTool: COMMITting Solr index changes..
9、查看搜索结果:
所有内容 http://localhost:8080/solr/select/?q=*%3A*&version=2.2&start=0&rows=10&indent=on
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <lst name="responseHeader"> <int name="status">0</int> <int name="QTime">0</int> <lst name="params"> <str name="indent">on</str> <str name="start">0</str> <str name="q">*:*</str> <str name="rows">10</str> <str name="version">2.2</str> </lst> </lst> <result name="response" numFound="3" start="0"> <doc> <str name="content">这一小节是讲提交数据给服务器做索引,这里有一些数据,如:服务器,可以试查找它。</str> <int name="id">1</int> <date name="timestamp">2009-05-27T04:07:54.89Z</date> <str name="title">solr 应用演讲</str> <str name="user">chenlb</str> </doc> <doc> <str name="content">搜索服务器那边有很多数据。</str> <int name="id">2</int> <date name="timestamp">2009-02-18T00:00:00Z</date> <str name="title">搜索引擎</str> <str name="user">bory.chan</str> </doc> <doc> <str name="content">你喜欢什么运动?篮球?</str> <int name="id">3</int> <date name="timestamp">2009-02-18T12:33:05.123Z</date> <str name="title">这是什么</str> <str name="user">other</str> </doc> </result> </response>
bory.chan 用户的:http://localhost:8080/solr/select/?q=user%3Abory.chan&version=2.2&start=0&rows=10&indent=on
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <lst name="responseHeader"> <int name="status">0</int> <int name="QTime">0</int> <lst name="params"> <str name="indent">on</str> <str name="start">0</str> <str name="q">user:bory.chan</str> <str name="rows">10</str> <str name="version">2.2</str> </lst> </lst> <result name="response" numFound="1" start="0"> <doc> <str name="content">搜索服务器那边有很多数据。</str> <int name="id">2</int> <date name="timestamp">2009-02-18T00:00:00Z</date> <str name="title">搜索引擎</str> <str name="user">bory.chan</str> </doc> </result> </response>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <lst name="responseHeader"> <int name="status">0</int> <int name="QTime">16</int> <lst name="params"> <str name="indent">on</str> <str name="start">0</str> <str name="q">timestamp:["2009-02-18T00:00:00Z" TO "2009-02-19T00:00:00Z"]</str> <str name="rows">10</str> <str name="version">2.2</str> </lst> </lst> <result name="response" numFound="2" start="0"> <doc> <str name="content">搜索服务器那边有很多数据。</str> <int name="id">2</int> <date name="timestamp">2009-02-18T00:00:00Z</date> <str name="title">搜索引擎</str> <str name="user">bory.chan</str> </doc> <doc> <str name="content">你喜欢什么运动?篮球?</str> <int name="id">3</int> <date name="timestamp">2009-02-18T12:33:05.123Z</date> <str name="title">这是什么</str> <str name="user">other</str> </doc> </result> </response>
常用的 solr 查询参数请看:solr 查询参数说明
简单的示例已经完成了,索引文件(默认)会在 CWD/solr/data/index 目录下,要改为 solr.home/data目录下,在 F:\apache-solr-1.3.0\example\solr\conf\solrconfig.xml 把 dataDir 注释掉,如:
<!-- <dataDir>${solr.data.dir:./solr/data}</dataDir> -->
说明:上面没有使用中文分词,用官方的 CJK 分词,另外有 mmseg4j 中文分词的示例,请看:solr 中文分词 mmseg4j 使用例子
solr 1.4 运行这个例子是有这个问题。报错:
org.apache.solr.common.SolrException: QueryElevationComponent requires the schema to have a uniqueKeyField implemented using StrField。
把 solrconfig.xml 中删除两个结点:
<!-- a search component that enables you to configure the top results for a given query regardless of the normal lucene scoring.--> <searchComponent name="elevator" class="solr.QueryElevationComponent" > <!-- pick a fieldType to analyze queries --> <str name="queryFieldType">string</str> <str name="config-file">elevate.xml</str> </searchComponent> <!-- a request handler utilizing the elevator component --> <requestHandler name="/elevate" class="solr.SearchHandler" startup="lazy"> <lst name="defaults"> <str name="echoParams">explicit</str> </lst> <arr name="last-components"> <str>elevator</str> </arr> </requestHandler>
即 Elevation 组件。
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